As everyone knows.
Whether it's cryo-electron microscopy 3D reconstruction or XRD—specifically X-ray crystallography—they're both discussed in terms of Angstroms.
That is, 10 to the power of -10 meters, or 0.1 nanometers, reaching the atomic scale where covalent bonds between atoms can be observed.
Although these two technologies are physicochemical methods, they've been widely applied to biological detection in modern life sciences.
In modern life sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology are inseparable.
These two techniques are standard crystal detection methods, especially X-ray crystallography, which has matured to the point where even a thesis can't embellish it anymore.
Still, it's common knowledge.
Crystals have lattice structures, and the periodicity of lattice structures is on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of X-ray, making X-ray diffraction an interference phenomenon based on the principle of wave superposition.
